Sour Service ＆ Ntchito Zapadera

Tanthauzo la utumiki wowawasapakugula mapaipi sikuti "H₂S ilipo." Amatanthauza kuphatikiza kwaH₂S kupanikizika pang'ono, kutentha, pH, ndi ma chlorideimatha kuyendetsa haidrojeni kukhala chitsulo ndi kuyambitsaSSC/HIC, chifukwa chake njira ndi malamulo ovomerezeka akuyenera kutsatira -zigawo zowawa kwambiri za kagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo motsatira mizere wamba.

Chitsanzo:Lipoti lamadzimadzi likuwonetsa1,000 ppm H₂Sakhoza kuwoneka "odziletsa," koma pa100 barkukakamizidwa kwathunthu kumatanthawuza~ 0.1 bar ppH₂S, yomwe ndi yoopsa mokwanira kuti ogwiritsira ntchito ambiri akhwimitse zofunikira pa kuwongolera kuuma ndi kuyenerera kowawasa. Mosiyana ndi izi, 1,000 ppm yomweyo pa10 pandi chete~0.01 bar ppH₂S, nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera ku chisankho chosiyana kwambiri chogula zinthu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake sour-kusankha ntchito kumayendetsedwa ndilipoti la chemistry yamadzindi muyezo wolamulira (nthawi zambiriNACE MR0175 / ISO 15156)-ndi chifukwa chake Octal Pipe nthawi zambiri amafunsira envelopu ya utumiki (ppH₂S / pH / kutentha) asanatsimikizire-zowawasa phukusi la zinthu zapaipi.

M'makampani amafuta & gasi, petrochemical, offshore, and high{{0}pressure/high-temperature (HPHT), ntchito za sour service zimafuna kukhwimitsa kwambiri zitsulo, kapangidwe kakemikolo, kuthira kutentha, mtundu wowotcherera, zokutira, ndi zololera. Popanda kuwongolera moyenera, malo owawa amatha kukhudza kwambiri kukhulupirika kwa mapaipi, chitetezo, ndi moyo wogwira ntchito.

Octal Pipe imapereka ntchito zowawa komanso mapaipi apadera ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amatsatira miyezo ndi ziphaso zotsogola padziko lonse lapansi.

Utumiki wowawasa H₂S ppmndi chizindikiro cha ndende, komasilimatanthawuza kuuma kowawa kokha. Zambiri zowawasa-ziyeneretso za zinthu zantchito zimayendetsedwa ndiH₂S partial pressure (ppH₂S)chifukwa kuwonongeka kumayendetsedwa ndimphamvu yoyendetsera hydrogen kulowa, zomwe zimawonjezeka ndi kupanikizika pang'ono. M'mawu aumisiri, ppH₂S iyenera kuyesedwa limodzi ndipH, ma chloride, kutentha, ndi kupezeka kwa gawo la madzi, chifukwa magawowa amakhudza kwambiri kutengeka kwa SSC/HIC.

Kusintha koyenera pakuwunika kwa gasi-ndi:

ppH₂S=(H₂S kachigawo kakang'ono) × (kupanikizika kotheratu)

• Kwa kapangidwe ka gasi,gawo la mole ≈ ppm / 1,000,000(ppmv maziko).
• Gwiritsani ntchitokupsyinjika kwathunthu(osati gauge).
• Zolemba za unit:1 bar=100 kPa; 1 psi ≈ 6.895 kPa.

Zitsanzo zogwiritsidwa ntchito (ppm yemweyo, kuuma kosiyana):

• 1,000 ppm=0.001. Pa100 barkupanikizika konse: ppH₂S=0.001 × 100 =0.1 gawo.
• Momwemonso1,000 ppmku10 pakupanikizika konse: ppH₂S=0.001 × 10 =0.01 gawo.
• Ngakhale ppm ndi yofanana, yachiwiri ili nayo10 × m'munsi ppH₂S, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana / zofunikira zoyesa pamagawo a polojekiti.

Chifukwa chiyani izi ndizofunikira pakugula mapaipi:

Pamene ppH₂S ikuchulukirachulukira, mapulojekiti nthawi zambiri amawongolera zinthu zomwe zimayendetsa zotsatira za SSC/HIC-nthawi zambiri.malire a kuuma (makamaka weld / HAZ), ukhondo wachitsulo / kuphatikizika, ndi kuyenerera koyenera kowawasa/kuyesa (HIC/SSC ikatchulidwa). Ichi ndichifukwa chake dongosolo logulira lomwe limati "H₂S=X ppm" nthawi zambiri silikwanira kumaliza-zovala zapaipi zantchito. M'malo mwake, H₂S (ppmv kapena mol%),kuthamanga kwathunthu kwa ntchito, kutentha,pH, ma chloride, komanso ngati gawo la madzi laulere lilipo. Ndi izi, ppH₂S ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndipo njira yazinthu (ndi zolemba zofunikira / kuyesa) zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse.Octal Pipe nthawi zambiri imapempha envelopu yautumiki (ppH₂S, pH, kutentha, chlorides, ndi gawo la madzi) poyamba, kenaka igwirizane ndi njira yazinthu ndi zolemba zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ndondomeko yolamulira kuti polojekitiyi ithetseretu kukonzanso{2}

Zofunikira zakuthupi zowawasaadayikidwa kuti aletse kulephera kwa SSC / HIC, kotero dongosololi liyenera kufotokozera chitoliro ngati awowawasa utumiki chitoliro zinthu phukusi-osati OD/WT ndi giredi yokha. M'malo mwake, lamulo logulira liyenera kunena momveka bwino:

• Ulamuliro wa sour standard:NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (ndi gawo liti lomwe likugwira ntchito), kuphatikiza mafotokozedwe a woyendetsa/kampani.
• Envelopu yautumiki (malinga osankhidwa):ppH₂S (kapena H₂S kapangidwe + kuthamanga kwathunthu), pH, kutentha, ma chloride, komanso ngati madzi aulere alipo.
• Kukula kwa zinthu:chemistry control (kuphatikiza ukhondo/inclusions), njira yopangira zitsulo monga momwe amafunira, njira yochizira kutentha, ndi maziko owongolera kuuma.
• Kuyesa kowawasa (pamene kufunidwa ndi tsatanetsatane):Kuyenerera kwa HIC / SSC, kusanja pafupipafupi, ndi njira zovomerezera.
• PSL / zofunika zowonjezera:mwachitsanzo, API 5L PSL2 yokhala ndi zowawasa-zofuna zina zowonjezera pakafunika.
• Kuwongolera kwa weld/HAZ (ngati chitoliro chowotcherera chikuloledwa):weld seam NDT kuchuluka ndi zovuta zilizonse / zoyenereza zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi polojekiti ya ITP.

Momwe Octal Pipe imathandizira-kugula zinthu zowawa:Octal Pipe nthawi zambiri imayamba ndienvelopu ya utumikindiyeno amaunikanso-katundu wokonzeka kuzungulira-kutsimikizira ngati chitoliro cha chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chovomerezeka kapena ngati kukulitsa (kukhwimitsa kulimba, kuyezetsa ziyeneretso, CRA/zovala/zovala) zikufunika kuti zivomerezedwe. Pazotumiza za EPC, titha kupereka azambiri{{0}mapu otengera traceability(kutentha / koyilo → chizindikiro cha chitoliro → zolemba zoyesa), ndipo gwirizanitsani zolembazo (MTC + kuyendera / kuyesa malipoti) ku polojekiti ya ITP kuti kuwunika kwaukadaulo kwa kasitomala ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zisamachedwe chifukwa chosowa maulalo.

Wowawasa Chigawo 3 (Wowawa Kwambiri)

Ma chart ena ogwiritsira ntchito amagawa kuuma kowawa kukhala zigawo;Chigawo 3nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuimirautumiki wowawasa kwambiripazithunzi za pH vs ppH₂S. M'chigawo 3, ogula nthawi zambiri amalimbitsa njira yazinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa zoyenerera (kuwongolera kuuma + kuyesa kowawasa + zolembedwa zolimba) chifukwa mitsinje ya SSC ndi yaying'ono.

Sour-kusankha chitoliro cha service kumayambika ndi aenvelopu yoyezera ntchito-ppH₂S, pH, ma chlorides, kutentha, ndi gawo la madzi-m'malo molemba ntchito. Zochitika pansipa zikufotokoza zazenizeni zamundazomwe zimayendetsa chiwopsezo cha SSC/HIC ndi zofunika zogula.

• Mpweya wokwera{{0}wokhala ndi "moderate ppm" H₂S (ppH₂S-kuvuta koyendetsedwa):

H₂S ppm yomweyi imatha kukhala yowopsa ngati kupanikizika kwathunthu kuli kokwera, kukankhira ppH₂S kudera lomwe malire a SSC amacheperachepera. Ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhazikikakuuma kulamulirandipo amafuna umboni wowawa m'malo modalira dzina la giredi lokha.

• Kuyenda kwa gasi wonyowa / multiphase ndi madzi aulere + ma chloride:

Pamene gawo la madzi liripo (kusungunuka, madzi opangidwa, kapena kusokonezeka), ma chloride ndi pH yochepa imawonjezera kulowa kwa haidrojeni ndi ntchito ya dzimbiri. Kugula nthawi zambiri kumatchulaKuwongolera / kuyesa kwa HIC (pakufunika)ndi zofunikira zaukhondo zakuthupi.

• Malo otsika-pH kuchokera ku CO₂ + madzi (carbonic acid), omwe ali ndi H₂S:

CO₂ kusungunuka m'madzi kumapanga carbonic acid ndikufulumizitsa dzimbiri; ngakhale H₂S yaying'ono imatha kusintha njira yolephera kupita ku SSC/HIC. Ogula nthawi zambiri amawonjezerakuvomereza mwamphamvu pa kukana wowawasakuphatikiza zisankho za dzimbiri / zokutira / zomangira zolumikizidwa ndi lipoti lamadzimadzi.

• Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kutseka / kuyambika kwakanthawi:

Zambiri "zolephereka" zimayendetsedwa ndi ntchito zodutsa: kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, maulendo othamanga, ndi nthawi yonyowetsa / kuyanika. Zofotokozera nthawi zambiri zimakhazikikaweld/HAZ control, chifukwa nsonga za kuuma komanso kupanikizika kwapafupi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pa njinga.

• Kuwonekera kunyanja/kugombe ndi kupopera mchere + kupalasa monyowa-kuuma (kuphatikiza zowawasa):

Kunja kumawonjezera kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri (mchere, chinyezi, splash zones) pamwamba pa chiwopsezo chowawa chamkati. Kugula nthawi zambiri kumaphatikiza zofunikira zowawasa ndi❖ kuyanika dongosolo + kuvomereza koyendera(zotsatira za tchuthi, njira yokonza).

• Madzi okhala ndi acidic okhala ndi zoipitsa (H₂S, NH₃, CO₂, kloridi):

Mizere yoyenga/mankhwala imatha kuwona zowononga zosakanikirana ndi zoyendetsa dzimbiri, zomwe zimasintha chisankho kuchoka ku "paipi yokhazikika" kupita ku "service-chinthu choyenerera pa envelopu." Zofunikira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemetsa-zolemba:kumveka bwino kwa ziyeneretso, maziko olimba, ndi kupanga mapu.

Chidziwitso cha Octal Pipe:Pamafunso a sour-pazantchito, Octal Pipe nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi kutsimikizira envulopu yantchitoyo (ppH₂S/pH/temperature/chlorides/gawo lamadzi) ndiyeno kuyanitsa njira ya zinthu, kuchuluka kwa kuyezetsa (pamene kutchulidwa), ndi phukusi la zolemba kuti ligwirizane ndi mulingo wowongolera kuti zomwe zasankhidwa zingoganiziridwanso{1}}zakalephereka{2}

Kugula zinthu za Sour-nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'malo awiri ofanana:kuwunika kwaukadaulo(kuchuluka sikudziwika) nditsamba lomasulidwa(umboni sunatchule chitoliro). Octal Pipe imawona sevisi yowawa ngati yoyendetsedwa, yowunikiranso-yokonzeka kuchokera kuenvelopu ya utumiki-ppH₂S, pH, kutentha, ma chlorides, ndi gawo la madzi-choti njira ya zinthu, kukula kwake, kuyezetsa, ndi zolemba zigwirizane kupanga kusanayambe.

-Zitsanzo zenizeni zapadziko lonse za komwe njirayi imapulumutsa nthawi ndi kukonzanso:

• Chitsanzo 1 - "ppm ikuwoneka bwino," kupanikizika kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta:

Lipoti lamadzi likhoza kunenaH₂S=1,000 ppm, zomwe zitha kuwoneka zotheka kuziwona koyamba. Koma ngati mzerewo ukugwira ntchito pazipani zambiri, ndiyeH₂S partial pressure (ppH₂S)ikhoza kusuntha ntchitoyo kukhala dongosolo lovuta kwambiri. Muzochitika izi, eni ake amakhwimitsa zofunikirakuuma kulamulirandi maziko oyenerera pansi pa MR0175/ISO 15156 (kapena wogwiritsa ntchito). Octal Pipe imasonyeza zimenezi mwamsanga ndipo imatembenuza lipoti la chemistry kukhala malo ogulira zinthu omwe angathe kuwunikiridwanso{3}}m'malo mochititsa kuti zokambirana ziwoneke mochedwa ngati "zofunika zosayembekezereka."

• Chitsanzo 2 - gasi wonyowa / madzi opangidwa + ndi ma chloride amasintha njira yolephera:

Madzi aulere akakhalapo ndipo ma chloride ali okwera, chiwopsezo chimachoka ku "general corrosion" kupitaSSC/HIC sensitivity, ndipo polojekiti ingafunikeKuyesa kwa HIC/SSC(kapena zovomerezeka zovomerezeka) m'malo mwa mawu omvera. Octal Pipe imagwirizanitsa zinthu ndi dongosolo loyesera ku ITP kotero kuti zambiri zitha kutulutsidwa paumboni wolembedwa m'malo motengera momwe-pamatanthauzidwe{2}}pankhani.

Zomwe Octal Pipe imabweretsa-zantchito zowawa kwambiri (zomveka, osati zamtundu uliwonse):

• Service-envelopu{1}}kusankha zinthu motsogozedwa:Mpweya zitsulo wowawasa mzere chitoliro pamene zovomerezeka, ndi amazilamulira chofunika; ndipo envelopu ikafuna, Octal Pipe ikhoza kupangira zokweza mongakuwongolera kuuma kolimba, kuchuluka kwa ziyeneretso, kapena zosankha za CRA/zovala/zoyalakuti muchotse ndemanga ya eni / EPC.
• Umboni woyenerera ndi kuyendera wogwirizana ndi PO/ITP:Kuyezetsa kwa HIC/SSC kukatchulidwa, UT/NDT malinga ndi kukula kwa pulojekitiyi, ndi machitidwe owotcherera/HAZ ngati kuli kotheka-kuvomereza kowawa kwambiri-kuvomerezedwa ndi marekodi.
• Kutsatiridwa komwe kumapulumuka zenizeni zamasamba:Zambiri-zotengera mapu omwe amalumikizanakutentha/kuzungulira → chizindikiro cha chitoliro → zolemba zoyeserera → MTC, kuchepetsa kuchedwa kochulukira kwa sour-: "pipe yaperekedwa koma yosatulutsidwa" chifukwa chosowa maulalo m'zolemba.

Lumikizanani tsopano

FAQ

 

 

Q: Kodi ntchito yowawasa imatanthauza chiyani pamapaipi amafuta & gasi?

A:Sour service ikutanthauza kuti malo ogwirira ntchito (ppH₂S, pH, kutentha, ma chlorides, ndi gawo la madzi) amatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa hydrogen{0}} mongaSSC/HIC, kotero zakuthupi ndi kuvomereza ziyenera kutsatiraMR0175 / ISO 15156zofunika.

Q: Service Sour H2S ppm - ndi ppm yokwanira kuweruza kuopsa kwake?

A:Ayi. Kuvuta kumawunikidwa ndiH₂S partial pressure (ppH₂S), osati ppm yokha; chophimba chothandiza ndippH₂S=(H₂S kagawo kakang'ono) × (kupanikizika konse).

Q: Kodi wowawasa utumiki zinthu zofunika pa wowawasa utumiki chitoliro zakuthupi?

A:Wowawasi-service PO ayenera kunena mulingo wowongolera (MR0175/ISO 15156), ndienvelopu ya utumiki(ppH₂S/pH/T/kloridi/madzi), ndi zowongolera zofunika mongamalire aumandiKuyesa kwa HIC/SSCpamene zanenedwa.

Q: Kodi wowawasa utumiki kuwotcherera zofunika?

A:Zofunikira pakuwotcherera kwa ma sour service zimayang'ana pakuwongoleraweld / HAZ kuuma(nthawi zambiri kudzera pa WPS/PQR zowongolera monga kulowetsa kutentha ndi kutsika-kachitidwe ka haidrojeni) ndikutsimikizira kuuma pakafunika pulojekiti ya ITP/spec kuti muchepetse ngozi ya SSC.

Zitsimikizo

 

Chizindikiro cha CE

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