API 5L X70 Welded Line Pipe Kufotokozera

API 5L mzere chitoliro giredi kuphimba osiyanasiyana mphamvu;X70imagwira gulu lapamwamba pomwe opanga amatha kukhala oyenerera njira zowotcherera m'munda. Njira zambiri-zakutali za gasi ndi mapaipi otumiza kunja amapita ku X70 makamaka kukudula khoma makulidwe ndi zitsulo tonnagepopanda kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa mapangidwe. Kuphatikizikako kulimba kwamphamvu ndi kuwotcherera kumatanthawuza chifukwa chake X70 nthawi zambiri imalowa m'malo mwa X60/X65 panjira zatsopano, zapamwamba-zoyenda.

• Kuthamanga kwambiri pamagalimoto-atali otumizira gasi
• Kuchepetsa kulemera kwa mapaipi pamtunda wofewa kapena malo ovuta
• Mizere yotumizira kunja yolumikizidwa ndi chitukuko chakunyanja komwe kutalika kwanjira kumakulitsa mtengo wachitsulo
• Kuzungulira kapena kukweza makonde omwe alipo kale ndikusunga makulidwe a khoma mkati mwa malire omangidwa

Ntchito ikangotsekeka mu X70, mawonekedwe azinthu nthawi zambiri amatanthauziraPSL mlingo, welded mankhwala mawonekedwe ndi ❖ kuyanika lingaliropamodzi, kenako ndikuwonjezera NDT, zolemba ndi zofunikira zomanga kuzungulira kusankha kwakukulu.

Chikalata chofotokozera chaAPI 5L X70 welded mzere chitolirondi muyezo wa API 5L, wogwirizana ndi ISO 3183. Zofunikira za projekiti nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuphatikiza chimodzi mwa izi:

• X70 PSL1– welded mzere chitoliro kwa utumiki ambiri kufala
• X70 PSL2- chitoliro cha mzere wowotcherera wokhala ndi malire ocheperako, njira zolimba komanso kutsata

API 5L imakhala ndi zinthu zopanda msoko komanso zowotcherera, koma zazitali-zitali,{2}}zimene zimadalira kwambiriweld X70. Kwa PSL2 welded chitoliro, zolemba za polojekiti zimanena:

• Kutumiza (TMCP kapena Q+T, kutengera mbale/njira ya koyilo)
• Kutentha kofunikira kwa Charpy komanso mphamvu yotengera mphamvu
• Kuchuluka kwa NDT ndi ma frequency a weld seam ndi thupi la chitoliro
• Kutsata malamulo kuchokera ku kutentha kwachitsulo kupita ku chitoliro chomalizidwa, kuphatikizapo zotsatira zoyesa ndi zolemba zokutira

Njira za Mill ndi inspection & test plan (ITPs) kenako zimamasulira izi kukhala njira zopangira ndi mapulani a zitsanzo.

Makhalidwe a X70 ndi akemphamvu zokolola zochepa (SMYS)za70,000 psi (≈ 485 MPa)pansi pa API 5L. Zokolola zapamwambazi ndizomwe zimalola opanga kuchepetsa makulidwe a khoma poyerekeza ndi X60/X65 pamapangidwe omwewo.

Tebulo 1 - Zomwe zimapangidwira pang'ono (zofotokozera):

-Zolemba zamapangidwe apamwamba:

• SMYS yapamwamba imathandizira makoma ocheperako pakukakamizidwa kwamkati, koma magulu opanga amatchera khutu ku ovality, kutsekeka kwanuko komanso katundu wakunja, makamaka pantchito yokwiriridwa komanso yakunyanja.
• SMTS imaphatikizidwa ndi kuwerengetsera kowongolera kusweka kuti awone momwe angagwiritsire ntchito crack, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamizere-yakutali yamafuta.
• Kutalikira kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kupindika, kumangirira-mkati ndi kuyenda pansi; ntchito zambiri ayenerere anapinda ndi girth welds pa woimira X70 chitoliro pamaso zonse kupanga kuwotcherera akuyamba.

Ntchito za PSL2 X70 nthawi zambiri zimatchulaMayeso a Charpy V-notch impactpa kutentha komwe kumadziwika. Zolemera-zinjira zotumizira makoma ndi gasi nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeraDWTT (siyani-kuyesa misozi)kuthandizira kuwongolera kufalikira kwa fracture.

Njira yopanga imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu momwe X70 imagwirira ntchito ikayikidwa. M'mapulojekiti ambiri akulu-okwera,{3}}agasi ndi mafuta,LSAW (SAWL) imatengedwa ngati njira yoyamba, pamene ERW/HFW ndi SSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe mphamvu zawo zapakati ndi makulidwe zimagwirizana ndi envelopu yojambula.

1 LSAW / SAWL – Njira Yaikulu Yapamwamba-Mizere Yamphamvu

LSAW X70 chitoliro amapangidwa kuchokerambale yaikuluopangidwa ndi UOE kapena JCO njira ndi welded ntchitokuwotcherera-mbali zonse pansi pamadzi. Kuphatikiza uku kumathandizirama diameter akuluakulu ndi makoma olemera, ndendende mtundu womwe umafunikira pamizere yayitali ya gasi ndi mizere yotumiza kunja kunyanja ikuyenda mothamanga kwambiri. Magawo opangira ndi kuwotcherera amayikidwa kuti mphamvu ya mbale, mphamvu yowotcherera ndi kulimba kwa HAZ zonse zikwaniritse zofunikira za X70 mozungulira mozungulira.

Zodziwika bwino za LSAW X70 zikuphatikiza:

• Yathunthu-utali wa UT wa seam yowotcherera ndi thupi la chitoliro, yokhala ndi RT m'malo odziwika ngati pakufunika
• Kupsinjika-kuchepetsa kutentha kwamphamvu-zigawo zapakhoma kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira ndikuwongolera kuwongolera
• Kupirira kolimba-kwa-kuzungulira ndi kuwongoka kuti zithandizire kupindika ndikuyika kunyanja
• Sampling malo amatanthauziridwa muzitsulo zoyambira, HAZ ndi zitsulo zowotcherera pazoyesa zolimba komanso zoyeserera

Mkangano uwu wakulimba kwambiri, khoma-kukhuthala komanso kulondola kwa geometricakufotokoza chifukwa chake LSAW nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yoyamba yopangira zinthu pamene polojekiti imatchula X70 ya trunklines zatsopano.

2 ERW / HFW ndi SSAW - Njira Zowonjezera

LSAW simaphimba ma diameter onse ndi khoma-kuphatikiza makulidwe.ERW/HFW ndi SSAWlembani mipata ndikuthandizira ntchito zachigawo:

ERW / HFW X70

• Amapangidwa kuchokera ku kutentha-kugudubuzika kozungulira, kung'ambika ndi kupangidwa kusanawotcherera-mafupipafupi a msoko wotalikirapo.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumatauni ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati okhala ndi makulidwe ocheperako pamakoma{{0}pamakina, malupu ndi mapaipi a siteshoni.
• Ubwino wa msoko wa weld umayang'aniridwa ndi NDT yapaintaneti (UT/EC); Mafotokozedwe a PSL2 atha kuyitanitsa PWHT yakumaloko mu weld ndi HAZ.

SSAW / SAWH X70

• Amapangidwa kuchokera ku koyilo yopangidwa pakona ya helical yokhala ndi ma welds amkati ndi akunja omira.
• Amapereka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwazinthu m'madiameter akulu komwe ma spiral seams amavomerezedwa ndi code yamapangidwe ndi mafotokozedwe a polojekiti.
• Nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi-utali wathunthu wa UT wa spiral weld, kuphatikiza RT pomwe pulojekitiyi imafuna chitsimikizo chowonjezera.

Njira zonse zimakonzedwa kuti zithekeweld ndi HAZ katundu si ofooka kuposa X70 kholo zinthu, mfundo yofunikira pamene kalasiyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu opanikizika kwambiri.

3 UOE ndi JCOE Kupanga kwa X70 LSAW Pipe

Njira yopangira mbale imakhudza mwachindunji kuwongolera kwa ovality, kugawa kwapang'onopang'ono kotsalira komanso kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono. Kwa X70 LSAW, onseUOEndiJCOEmizere imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo magulu a polojekiti nthawi zina amafunsa momwe amafananizira ndi malingaliro a uinjiniya.

Table 2 - Kuyerekeza kwa UOE vs. JCOE kupanga kwa X70 LSAW mzere wa chitoliro:

Kusankha pakati pa UOE ndi JCOE nthawi zambiri kumadalira kachitidwe ka mphero ndi kusakanikirana kwa projekiti kusiyana ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito. Mukapanga, njira zowotcherera ndi kukulitsa zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za X70, njira zonse ziwirizi zitha kubweretsa -yamphamvu, yotsika{3}}ovalisation mapaipi ofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito trunkline.

X70 imayenda pafupi ndi kumtunda kwa kupsinjika kwa mapaipi, chifukwa chakekapangidwe ka mankhwalaayenera kupereka mphamvu ndi kulimba popanda kutseka weldability. Kufanana kwa Carbon (CE) ndi milingo ya microalloying imatanthauzidwa mkati mwamagulu opapatiza.

Table 3 - Makanema owonetsera a API 5L X70 (PSL2, reference):

Zofunikira za PSL2 za X70 welded chitoliro ndi izi:

• Malire apamwamba a CEIIW ndi/kapena PCM kuti asunge kutentha ndi kupitirira zofunikira mkati mwazofunikira
• Malire pa Nb+V+Ti yonse komanso pazambiri za microalloy
• Kuwongolera kosankha pa Cu, Ni, Cr ndi Mo kuti zigwirizane ndi njira zapakatikati ndi zowotcherera
• Njira zinanso za kulimba ndi kuuma pazigawo zolemera-za khoma kapena njira zotsika-zotentha

Kulamulira koteroko kumakhala kofunika kwambiri makamaka pamenemkulu-mphamvu X70zimaphatikizidwa ndi nyengo yozizira, mapangidwe okwera kapena kuphatikizika kwanyanja.

Welded X70 ikhoza kuperekedwa pa envulopu yotakata. Kuthekera kwa gitala kumayika malire, koma zosankha zanthawi zonse zimagwera m'munsimu.

Tebulo 4 - Mtundu wofananira wa mizere yowotcherera ya X70 (chizindikiro):

Okonza amtunda wautali-zingwe za gasinthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ma diameter akulu ndi makulidwe ochepera a khoma kuti athe kuwongolera mphamvu ndi zowotcherera. X70 yogwiritsidwa ntchitokutumizira kunja kapena mizere yakugwanthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makoma okhuthala kuti athe kukana kukakamizidwa kwakunja, kupindika ndi kuyika katundu, kuphatikiza ndi malire a ovality ndi zolakwika zamtundu wa geometric.

Makina okutikira-mongaFBE, 3LPE, 3LPP ndi zokutira zolemera konkriti-amatchulidwa kuti athetse chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri, -pakukhazikika kwapansi ndi magwiridwe antchito a kutentha panjira.

X70 imagwira ntchito mopanikizika kwambiri kuposa magiredi otsika, kotero kuwunika ndi kuyesa kumakhala kokwanira. Chiwembu choyimira chitoliro cha welded X70 chikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:

Gulu 5 - Kuwunika kwachitsanzo ndi kuyesa matrix a API 5L X70 yowotcherera:

Magulu omanga nthawi zambiri amasamalira kwambiriKuyenerera kwa njira zowotcherera (WPS/PQR)pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi X70. Mfundo zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Kuyika kwa kutentha ndi malire a kutentha kwapakati
• Weld zitsulo zofananira kapena kuphatikizika pang'ono vs. X70 chitsulo choyambira
• Kulimba ndi kutsimikizika kwa HAZ, makamaka pakuwotcherera kwamakina
• Kuwongolera kolakwika, kulimbitsa ma weld komanso kupsinjika kotsalira pa girth welds

-Njira zoyenerera ndi ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino amalola kuti ma X70 joints akhazikitsidwe pamitengo yayikulu pomwe akukwaniritsa zofunika kwambiri.

Eni mapaipi nthawi zambiri amalemba mwachiduleAPI 5L X70 welded mzere chitoliropamene giredi limodzi liyenera kuphatikiza kuthamanga kwa mapangidwe apamwamba, njira yayitali komanso makulidwe a khoma. Zochitika zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo mizere yatsopano ya gasi kudzera kumadera akutali, mizere yotumiza kunja ndi kugwa yomwe imamangiriridwa kumadera akunyanja, ndi malupu okwera kapena magawo olowa m'malo omwe ali m'makonde omwe mphamvu ndi mphamvu zonse ziyenera kuchulukira popanda kulemera kwa chitoliro.

Octal Pipe imathandizira mapulojekitiwa ndi X70 yowotcherera ku API 5L PSL1 ndi PSL2 mumitundu ya ERW/HFW, LSAW ndi SSAW, kukula kofananira, makulidwe a khoma, makina okutira ndi kuwunika momwe polojekiti ikuyendera. Umboni wina-wa gulu lachitatu wochitidwa ndi BV, DNV, SGS kapena mabungwe ena osankhidwa atha kukonzedwa kuti{6}}zolemba zamphamvu za X70 zigwirizane bwino ndi dongosolo lonse la mapaipi ndi QA/QC framework.

FAQ

 

 

01.Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa API 5L X70 PSL1 ndi PSL2 ya welded line pipe?

A1:PSL2 ndiyolimba kwambiri pakuwongolera chemistry ndi kuyesa / kuvomereza, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa pama projekiti ovuta kwambiri.

02.Kodi ndimasankha bwanji ERW vs LSAW vs SSAW kwa API 5L X70 welded line pipe?

A2:Sankhani potengera makulidwe ofunikira a OD/khoma, mapulojekiti, ndi zofunikira zowotcherera/NDT-LSAW/SSAW ndizofala pamadiayometer akulu, ERW kuma size ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakati.

03.Kodi ndifunse chiyani kuti nditsimikizire mtundu wa chitoliro cha API 5L X70 musanagule?

A3:Funsani MTC/traceability, mulingo wofunikira wa PSL, zinthu zofanana ndi kaboni, zotsatira za NDT, hydrotest, ndi projekiti ina iliyonse-yezetsa yodziwika bwino yokhudzana ndi kuphulika